过去完成时 | 英语文法指南 | ef-九游官网下载
过去完成时的作用
过去完成时涉及稍久以前发生的事，可以清楚表达某件事比另一件事还要早发生。哪件事先被提及并不重要——时态自然会表明哪件事先发生。
在这些例句中，「事件一」最早发生，而「事件二」后来才发生，或是不久前才发生：
| 事件一 | 事件二 |
| john had gone out | when i arrived in the office. |
| 事件一 | 事件二 |
| i had saved my document | before the computer crashed. |
| 事件二 | 事件一 |
| when they arrived | we had already started cooking. |
| 事件二 | 事件一 |
| he was very tired | because he hadn't slept well. |
过去完成时的构成
英语中的过去完成时是由两个要素形成：动词 have 的过去时 had 主要动词的过去分词。
| 主词 | had | 过去分词 |
|---|---|---|
| 肯定句 | ||
| she | had | given. |
| 否定句 | ||
| she | hadn't | asked. |
| 疑问句 | ||
| had | they | arrived? |
| 否定疑问句 | ||
| hadn't | you | finished? |
过去完成时，以 to decide 为例：
| 肯定句 | 否定句 | 疑问句 |
|---|---|---|
| i had decided. | i hadn't decided. | had i decided? |
| you had decided. | you hadn't decided. | had you decided? |
| she had decided. | she hadn't decided. | had she decided? |
| we had decided. | we hadn't decided. | had we decided? |
| they had decided. | they hadn't decided. | had they decided? |
在过去完成时用「just」
「just」用于过去完成时的时候，涉及某个动作比刚才再稍早一点发生。例如：
- the train had just left when i arrived at the station.
- she had just left the room when the police arrived.
- i had just put the washing out when it started to rain.