现在完成进行时 | 英语文法指南 | ef-九游官网下载
现在完成进行时的构成
现在完成进行时是由两个要素构成：be 动词的现在完成时 (have/has been)，加上主要动词（原型 ing）的现在分词。
| 主词 | has/have been | 动词原型 ing |
| she | has been | swimming |
肯定句：she has been / she's been running.
否定句：she hasn't been running.
疑问句：has she been running?
否定型疑问句：hasn't she been running?
现在完成进行时，以「to live」为例：
| 肯定句 | 否定句 | 疑问句 |
|---|---|---|
| i have been living | i haven't been living | have i been living? |
| you have been living | you haven't been living | have you been living? |
| he, she, it has been living | he hasn't been living | has she been living? |
| we have been living | we haven't been living | have we been living? |
| you have been living | you haven't been living | have you been living? |
| they have been living | they haven't been living | have they been living? |
现在完成进行时的作用
现在完成进行时涉及以前到现在一段不明确的时间，谈的是某件已经发生的事，但也许还没有结束，强调的是动作的过程和产生的结果，而且这个过程可能还会持续着，或者可能才刚结束。
始于过去且当下仍在持续的动作
she has been waiting for you all day (= 而且她现在还在等待).
i've been working on this report since eight o'clock this morning (= 而且我还没做完).
they have been travelling since last october (= 而且他们还没回家).
刚结束的动作，但说话者要强调的是这个动作产生的结果，或对现在造成的影响
she has been cooking since last night (= 而且桌上的食物看起来很美味).
it's been raining (= 街道上还是湿的).
someone's been eating my chips (= 半包没了).
不用在进行时的动词
对于不用在进行时的动词，就使用现在完成时。例如：i've wanted to visit china for years.
she's known robert since she was a child.
i've hated that music since i first heard it.
i've heard a lot about you recently.
we've understood everything.
we've heard this morning.