代词 | 英语文法指南 | ef-九游官网下载
代词取代了名词。会需要用上不同的代词，取决于两个要素：第一是被取代的名词，第二是名词在句中的作用。在英语中，只有第三人称单数的代词才会表明名词的性别。而第二人称复数与第二人称单数相同，反身代词则除外。
| 主格代词 | 受格名词 | 所有格形容词（限定词） | 所有格代词 | 反身代词或强调代词 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 第一人称单数 | i | me | my | mine | myself |
| 第二人称单数 | you | you | your | yours | yourself |
| 第三人称单数（男性/阳性） | he | him | his | his | himself |
| 第三人称单数（女性/阴性） | she | her | her | hers | herself |
| 第三人称单数（中性） | it | it | its | itself | |
| 第一人称复数 | we | us | our | ours | ourselves |
| 第二人称复数 | you | you | your | yours | yourselves |
| 第三人称复数 | they | them | their | theirs | themselves |
主格代词
主格代词取代了句中的主词。通常使用第三人称的主格代词，是为了要避免重复称呼原主词。
例句
- i am 16.
- you seem lost.
- jim is angry, and he wants sally to apologize.
- this table is old. it needs to be repainted.
- we aren't coming.
- they don't like pancakes.
受格代词
受格代词用来取代句中的直接受词或间接受词。
例句
- give the book to me.
- the teacher wants to talk to you.
- jake is hurt because bill hit him.
- rachid recieved a letter from her last week.
- mark can't find it.
- don't be angry with us.
- tell them to hurry up!
所有格形容词（限定词）
所有格形容词并不是代词，而是限定词。但认识代词的同时，不妨也一起认识限定词，因为限定词的型态跟所有格代词很相似。所有格形容词的作用就如形容词，因此它的位置是放在其修饰的名词前，并不会像代词一样取代了名词。
例句
- did mother find my shoes?
- mrs. baker wants to see your homework.
- can jake bring over his baseball cards?
- samantha will fix her bike tomorrow.
- the cat broke its leg.
- this is our house.
- where is their school?
所有格代词
所有格代词取代了名词的所有格，成为句中的主词或受词。由於原来的名词被代名词取代了，因此务必确认对方知道它指的是何者，才能直接用代名词。
例句
- this bag is mine.
- yours is not blue.
- that bag looks like his.
- these shoes are not hers.
- that car is ours.
- theirs is parked in the garage.
反身代词和强调代词
反身代词和强调代词看起来完全一样，但在句中却有不同的作用。
反身代词会重新提及语句中的主词，因为做出该动作的主词本身也是直接受格或间接受格。只有特定的动词可以用反身代词。您不能将反身代词从句中移除，因为这样会导致其馀的句子文法有误。
例句
- i told myself to calm down.
- you cut yourself on this nail?
- he hurt himself on the stairs.
- she found herself in a dangerous part of town.
- the cat threw itself under my car!
- we blame ourselves for the fire.
- the children can take care of themselves.
强调代词强调语中的主词，它并不是动作的受词。强调代词一律可从句中移除，而且也不会严重影响了整句话的意思。强调代词可紧接在主词后，或是放在句尾。
例句
- i made these cookies myself.
- you yourself asked jake to come.
- the pope himself pardoned mr. brown.
- my teacher didn't know the answer herself.
- the test itself wasn't scary, but my teacher certainly is.
- we would like to finish the renovation before christmas ourselves.
- they themselves told me the lost shoe wasn't a problem.